Sekitar empat tahun yang lalu, Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) meluncurkan program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap atau PTSL. Program ini bertujuan utama yakni mendaftarkan seluruh bidang tanah di Indonesia yang jumlahnya kurang lebih 126 juta bidang tanah. Hingga saat ini PTSL terus dilaksanakan secara masif di seluruh Indonesia.
PTSL sendiri merupakan bagian dari pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Sekretaris Direktorat Jenderal Survei dan Pemetaan Pertanahan dan Ruang (SPPR), Dony Erwan mengatakan bahwa menurut Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (PPN/Bappenas) Reforma Agraria didukung oleh dua program yaitu asset reform dan access reform. “Untuk asset reform, Kementerian ATR/BPN selain PTSL juga sedang melaksanakan program penyertipikatan tanah transmigrasi. Sementara untuk access reform, dilaksanakan melalui program redistribusi tanah,” kata Dony Erwan.
Guna mempercepat program Reforma Agraria, Kementerian ATR/BPN mengenalkan Program Percepatan Reforma Agraria (PPRA). Kegiatan ini sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2019. Dalam pelaksanaan PPRA, Kementerian ATR/BPN mendapat dukungan dari Bank Dunia. Dukungan ini dilatarbelakangi karena Bank Dunia memandang bahwa tanah merupakan alat untuk mendukung kehidupan masyarakat, terutama aspek ekonomi. “Mereka sangat concern terhadap sektor pertanahan. Mereka mengetahui bahwa pembangunan di negara kita sangat pesat, tetapi jika manfaat tanah tidak dirasakan oleh masyarakat, percuma,” ungkap Sesditjen SPPR. Alasan utama mengapa PPRA harus ada karena program ini sejatinya mendorong percepatan peningkatan implementasi administrasi pertanahan modern berbasis elektronik, serta mengembangkan kapasitas dan pengelolaan administrasi pertanahan. “Untuk itu, terdapat tiga rancangan program dalam PPRA ini. Pertama, Pemetaan Partisipatif dan Sistem Administrasi Pertanahan Modern, kedua, Infrastruktur Data Geospasial untuk Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Lingkungan dan Alam serta ketiga Manajemen Proyek, Pengembangan Kelembagaan serta Monitoring,” jelas Dony Erwan.
Fokus kegiatan PPRA adalah melakukan percepatan program PTSL dengan melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat dengan istilah PTSL PM. Pada tahun 2020 lalu, PTSL PM ini dilaksanakan di tujuh provinsi, yakni Provinsi Riau, Provinsi Jambi, Provinsi Sumatra Selatan, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur serta Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. “Selain melaksanakan PTSL PM, PPRA juga melaksanakan pilot project redistribusi tanah, yang berasal dari pelepasan dari kawasan hutan,” kata Sesditjen SPPR.
Lebih lanjut, Sesditjen SPPR mengatakan bahwa Program PTSL PM ini dimulai sejak tahun 2019, dengan menunjuk beberapa kantor pertanahan sebagai pilot project. “Kegiatan PTSL PM ini dimulai dari tahun 2019, dengan target 50.000 bidang. Fase kedua, target naik menjadi 350.000 dengan melibatkan Kantor Wilayah (Kanwil) BPN Provinsi. Kedua fase tersebut dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019. Untuk tahun 2020 atau kita sebut fase ketiga, targetnya 1.300.000 bidang tanah. Tahun 2021 ini merupakan fase tertinggi pelaksanaan PTSL PM dengan target 1.670.000 bidang. Fase kelima, tahun depan, rencananya PTSL PM akan dilaksanakan di Pulau Jawa,” ungkap Dony Erwan.
Dony Erwan mengungkapkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan program kerjanya, PPRA melibatkan masyarakat. Dalam kegiatan ini masyarakat dilibatkan sebagai Pengumpul Data Pertanahan atau Puldatan. “Puldatan ini merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang bertugas menjadi fasilitator sekaligus membantu pelaksanaan pengumpulan Data Fisik dan Data Yuridis. Sebelum menjadi Puldatan, masyarakat harus mengikuti pelatihan dan lulus dalam pelatihan tersebut,” kata Sesditjen SPPR. Dalam pelaksanaan PTSL PM, juga dilakukan analisis risiko sosial dan lingkungan. “Istilahnya Environmental & Social Management Framework atau ESMF, bisa juga disebut safeguards. Tujuan adanya safeguards ini adalah melakukan mitigasi risiko sosial dan sengketa tanah dan upaya keberlanjutan lingkungan. Di samping itu program safeguards ini mengedepankan komunikasi terbuka dengan pemangku kepentingan untuk menyelesaikan hambatan yang ada,” kata Sesdirjen SPPR. (RH/RE/LS)
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